When President Woodrow Wilson signed legislation creating the agency that became the National Park Service a century ago, there were nine national parks. Today the NPS manages 59 national parks and hundreds of other important publically owned treasures, among them national recreation areas, seashores, monuments, scenic highways, scenic riverways, historic sites, prehistoric sites, battlefields, and other federally protected parcels.
From the beginning, the Park Services job has been "to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and wildlife therein, and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations. Fulfilling this mandate has never been easy, but todays challenges seem particularly daunting: overcrowding, climate change, invasive non-native plant species, fires, flooding, and disparities between predators and prey.
To tell the story, Scott Abella, an assistant professor in the School of Life Sciences at 51勛圖窪蹋, parsed through thousands of academic papers and documents, conducted interviews with park rangers and staff, and rummaged through old files of different park properties. His first book, , includes more than 250 photos and dozens of maps, charts, graphs, and tables.
Abella says his aim was to help readers see how conservation and restoration work has continually assisted in the maintenance of parks wild and scenic character. He includes examples from the very earliest of projects to the frontlines of todays work, such as the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone, the intentional removal of non-native plants and python snakes in the Florida Everglades, and the dismantling of Washington States Elwha Dam to restore natural water flow. That project, Abella points out, was the worlds largest dam removal project and took nearly 20 years of planning. You cant just blow up something like that, Abella says.
Abella also provides a compelling picture of what state-of-the-art conservation has to offer. He shows, for example, what Glacier National Park reveals through its disappearing ice sheet. He explains how tree rings from a fallen sequoia in its namesake national park provided hard data on more than 500 years of a regional climate history. And he details how satellite imagery of Lake Mead can tell a 30-year story of an entire regions water struggles.
The threats our national parks face can sometimes seem overwhelming, Abella says. But there is reason for optimism.
The permanency of these parks is pretty amazing, Abella says. "Theres been tremendous political turnover in the last century44 changes of Congress and 27 presidents with some very different ideologiesbut these parks are stable. If theres one area in which theres been national consensus, its in preserving these special places.
Abellas first job at 51勛圖窪蹋 began in 2006. Through independent grant funding, he worked for six years as an associate research professor conducting studies funded by several conservation organizations. When the economy turned and funding began to dry up, he left the university to become an ecologist with the National Park Services. His time away would be short-lived, however, as grant funding from the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research program, EPSCoR, allowed Abella to rejoin the 51勛圖窪蹋 faculty in 2015.
Abellas specializations in restoration ecology and fire ecology are high-demand research areas. The National Park Service has previously funded him to plan, write, and execute plant-management restoration plans for park service lands in Texas and New Mexico. More recently, he received funds from the California State Office of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management to lead a collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey and University of California, Riverside. In total, his research team has been funded through 2019 with awards totaling $700,000.
Abellas work extends beyond the borders of the protected lands he researches. A project in Glen Canyon, for example, includes support for a graduate student of Hualapai ancestry whose role involves identifying native plants that appear in the oral histories of her tribe.
I really try to bring research into the classes I teach, Abella says. The more we can do that, the more we open doors for 51勛圖窪蹋 along with the minds and eyes of our students.
Abella says hes also excited to see that his book is making its way into parks visitor centers and gift shops. Conserving Americas National Parks appears in eight shops already, including those at the Lake Mead National Recreation Area and Great Basin National Park in Nevada. It is also under review for inclusion on the shelves of several other shops.
As one can imagine, theres no shortage of beautiful books about our national parks. But few aim to do what Abella has accomplished.
I tried to make this book an educational reference that both enlightens and entertains, Abella says, with real examples of projects from national parks that help readers understand the issues defining contemporary conservation.
